Translation and commentary of Niels Abel's 1826 proof of the impossibility of an algebraic solution to the general quintic equation
Friday, October 22, 2010
Section 1. General expression of an algebraic function: Part 7
Translated by me as:
In the forgoing we have seen, a rational function of several individual quantities can always be reduced to the form
s
t
where s and t are entire functions of the same variable quantities. It is concluded from this that v can always be expressed as follows
φ(r', r''...n√ p)
v = ————————
τ(r', r''...n√ p)
where φ and τ are entire functions of r', r''... and n√ p. Based on the above we have found that any entire function of several quantities s, r', r'' ... can be expressed by the form
t0 + t1 s + t2 s 2 + ... tm s m
t0 , t1 ... tm being entire functions of r', r'', r'''... without s. We can therefore let
t0 + t1 p 1 / n + t2 p 2 / n + ... tm p m / n T
v = ———————————————————— = ——
v0 + v1 p 1 / n + v2 p 2 / n + ... vm' p m' / n V
where t0 , t1 ... tm and v0 , v1 ... vm' are entire functions of r', r'', r''', etc.
Commentary:
Abel expresses algebraic function in a way which emphasizes it's dependence on one of it's higher order quantities n√ p. This expression is very general and perhaps the only restriction Abel places on it is that the quantity n√ p is one of it's highest order terms, which means that it should be at least tied in terms of having the greatest number of nested radicals. The m introduced here is different from the m previously introduced to represent the degree of the algebraic function
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