Translation and commentary of Niels Abel's 1826 proof of the impossibility of an algebraic solution to the general quintic equation
Tuesday, October 26, 2010
Section 1. General expression of an algebraic function: Part 8
Translated by me as:
Let V1, V2 ... Vn-1 be the n-1 values of V, found successively using αp1/n , α2p1/n , α3p1/n ...αn-1p1/n in place of p1/n , α being a root different from unity of the equation α n - 1 = 0; By multiplying the fraction T/V above and below by V1. V2. V3... Vn-1
T.V1.V2... Vn-1
v = —————————
V.V1.V2... Vn-1
The product V.V1... Vn-1 may as we know , be expressed as an entire function of p and the quantities r', r''..., and the product T.V1... Vn-1 is, as we see, an entire function of n√ p and of r', r''... By posing the product equal to
s0 + s1 p 1 / n + s2 p 2 / n + ... sk p k / n
we find
s0 + s1 p 1 / n + s2 p 2 / n + ... sk p k / n
v = ——————————————————
m
or by writing q0. q1. q2... instead of s0 /m, s1 /m, s2 /m etc.
v = q0 + q1 p 1 / n + q2 p 2 / n + ... qk p k / n
where q0, q1 ... qk are rational functions of the quantities p, r', r'' etc.
Commentary:
Abel further simplifies the dependence on the term n√ p. Abel does not mention that the entire function produced by V.V1... Vn-1 is expressed by the term m. This m is therefore different from the m that he has previously introduced. Also Abel does not support his assertion that m is an entire function of r', r''... and that T.V1... Vn-1 is an entire function of n√ p and of r', r''... These assertions are well explained in Pesic Appendix B except Peter claims that the terms q0, q1 ... q k would be of order μ-1 at most, while Abel has made it clear that they would be of order μ at most.
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